🎯 Goals
- Learn to talk about yesterday and past events.
- Use the simple past tense in Persian.
- Learn days of the week and time expressions.
- Learn 6 more Persian letters.
📅 Days of the Week
| English | Persian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Saturday | شنبه | shanbeh |
| Sunday | یک‌شنبه | yekshanbeh |
| Monday | دو‌شنبه | doshanbeh |
| Tuesday | سه‌شنبه | seshanbeh |
| Wednesday | چهار‌شنبه | chahârshanbeh |
| Thursday | پنج‌شنبه | panjshanbeh |
| Friday | جمعه | jom'e |
⏰ Time Expressions
| Persian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| دیروز | diruz | yesterday |
| امروز | emruz | today |
| فردا | fardâ | tomorrow |
| هفته | hafteh | week |
| آخر هفته | âkhar-e hafteh | weekend |
🧠 Grammar — Past Tense
To form the past tense in Persian, use:
verb stem + personal ending
Example: رفتن (raftan = to go)
Stem = رفت (raft)
| Pronoun | Ending | Example (to go) |
|---|---|---|
| من | ـم | رفتم (raftam) |
| تو | ـی | رفتی (rafti) |
| او | ـ | رفت (raft) |
| ما | ـیم | رفتیم (raftim) |
| شما | ـید | رفتید (raftid) |
| آنها | ـند | رفتند (raftand) |
🗣️ Dialogue
👤 A:
دیروز چه کار کردی؟
Diruz che kâr kardi?
(What did you do yesterday?)
👤 B:
صبح به مدرسه رفتم و بعد با دوستم بیرون رفتم.
Sobh be madrese raftam o ba dustam birun raftam.
(I went to school in the morning and then went out with my friend.)
👤 A:
من خانه ماندم و کتاب خواندم.
Man khune mândam o ketâb khândam.
(I stayed home and read a book.)
👤 B:
امروز می‌خواهی چه کار کنی؟
Emruz mikhâhi che kâr koni?
(What do you want to do today?)
👤 A:
می‌خواهم فیلم ببینم.
Mikhâham film bebinam.
(I want to watch a movie.)
📝 Vocabulary Review
| Persian | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| رفتم | raftam | I went |
| ماندم | mândam | I stayed |
| خواندم | khândam | I read |
| خواستن | khâstan | to want |
| دیدن | didan | to see |
| مدرسه | madrese | school |
| بیرون | birun | outside |
🧪 Exercise
Translate into Persian:
- I went to school yesterday.
- She read a book.
- We stayed at home.
- What did you do yesterday?
- I want to watch a movie today.
Answers:
- دیروز به مدرسه رفتم. — Diruz be madrese raftam.
- او کتاب خواند. — U ketâb khând.
- ما در خانه ماندیم. — Mâ dar khune mândim.
- دیروز چه کار کردی؟ — Diruz che kâr kardi?
- امروز می‌خواهم فیلم ببینم. — Emruz mikhâham film bebinam.