22 Debugging and Common ROOT Problems

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Where to Move

Move chapter:

• ☰ 1 Introduction to ROOT
  • ☰ 1.1 What Is ROOT?
  • ☰ 1.2 Installing ROOT
  • ☰ 1.3 Starting ROOT
  • ☰ 1.4 Your First ROOT Session
• ☰ 2 C++ Basics for ROOT
  • ☰ 2.1 Why ROOT Uses C++
  • ☰ 2.2 Variables and Data Types
  • ☰ 2.3 Operators
  • ☰ 2.4 Conditional Statements
  • ☰ 2.5 Loops
  • ☰ 2.6 Functions
  • ☰ 2.7 Arrays and Vectors
• ☰ 3 ROOT Macros
  • ☰ 3.1 What Is a ROOT Macro?
  • ☰ 3.2 Running ROOT Macros
  • ☰ 3.3 Functions Inside ROOT Macros
  • ☰ 3.4 Compiling ROOT Macros
  • ☰ 3.5 Organizing a ROOT Project
• ☰ 4 ROOT Objects and the ROOT Object Model
  • ☰ 4.1 Introduction to ROOT Classes
  • ☰ 4.2 Object Names and Titles
  • ☰ 4.3 ROOT Collections
  • ☰ 4.4 Inspecting ROOT Objects
• ☰ 5 Histograms
  • ☰ 5.1 Introduction to Histograms
  • ☰ 5.2 Creating a 1D Histogram
  • ☰ 5.3 Filling Histograms
  • ☰ 5.4 Drawing Histograms
  • ☰ 5.5 Histogram Properties
  • ☰ 5.6 Accessing Histogram Bins
  • ☰ 5.7 Histogram Errors
  • ☰ 5.8 Normalizing Histograms
  • ☰ 5.9 Combining Histograms
• ☰ 6 Two-Dimensional Histograms
  • ☰ 6.1 Creating 2D Histograms
  • ☰ 6.2 Filling 2D Histograms
  • ☰ 6.3 Drawing 2D Histograms
  • ☰ 6.4 Projections
  • ☰ 6.5 Profiles
• ☰ 7 Graphs
  • ☰ 7.1 Introduction to TGraph
  • ☰ 7.2 Creating a TGraph
  • ☰ 7.3 Graph Styling
  • ☰ 7.4 TGraphErrors
  • ☰ 7.5 TGraphAsymmErrors
  • ☰ 7.6 MultiGraph
• ☰ 8 Canvases and Plotting
  • ☰ 8.1 TCanvas
  • ☰ 8.2 Dividing a Canvas
  • ☰ 8.3 Drawing Multiple Objects
  • ☰ 8.4 Legends
  • ☰ 8.5 Text and Annotations
  • ☰ 8.6 Logarithmic Axes
  • ☰ 8.7 Saving Plots
• ☰ 9 Styling ROOT Plots
  • ☰ 9.1 ROOT Plot Styles
  • ☰ 9.2 Axis Configuration
  • ☰ 9.3 Line Styles
  • ☰ 9.4 Marker Styles
  • ☰ 9.5 Publication-Quality Figures
• ☰ 10 Mathematical Functions
  • ☰ 10.1 Introduction to TF1
  • ☰ 10.2 Built-in Functions
  • ☰ 10.3 Custom Functions
  • ☰ 10.4 Evaluating Functions
  • ☰ 10.5 Function Integrals
• ☰ 11 Curve Fitting
  • ☰ 11.1 Introduction to Fitting
  • ☰ 11.2 Gaussian Fits
  • ☰ 11.3 Polynomial Fits
  • ☰ 11.4 Custom Fit Functions
  • ☰ 11.5 Fit Parameters
  • ☰ 11.6 Goodness of Fit
  • ☰ 11.7 Fit Residuals
  • ☰ 11.8 Fitting Graphs
• ☰ 12 ROOT Files
  • ☰ 12.1 Introduction to ROOT Files
  • ☰ 12.2 Creating ROOT Files
  • ☰ 12.3 Writing Objects
  • ☰ 12.4 Reading ROOT Files
  • ☰ 12.5 Exploring ROOT Files
  • ☰ 12.6 Directories Inside ROOT Files
• ☰ 13 TTrees
  • ☰ 13.1 Introduction to TTrees
  • ☰ 13.2 Creating a TTree
  • ☰ 13.3 Filling a TTree
  • ☰ 13.4 Writing a TTree to a File
  • ☰ 13.5 Reading a TTree
  • ☰ 13.6 Inspecting TTrees
  • ☰ 13.7 Drawing Data from TTrees
  • ☰ 13.8 Applying Selection Cuts
  • ☰ 13.9 Branch Addresses
• ☰ 14 Event-Based Data Analysis
  • ☰ 14.1 Understanding Event Data
  • ☰ 14.2 Event Loops
  • ☰ 14.3 Event Selection
  • ☰ 14.4 Derived Quantities
  • ☰ 14.5 Analysis Workflow
• ☰ 15 Working with Real Experimental Data
  • ☰ 15.1 Importing Text Data
  • ☰ 15.2 Converting Data to ROOT
  • ☰ 15.3 Data Cleaning
  • ☰ 15.4 Data Calibration
  • ☰ 15.5 Signal and Background
• ☰ 16 Random Numbers and Simulations
  • ☰ 16.1 Random Number Generation
  • ☰ 16.2 Common Distributions
  • ☰ 16.3 Simple Monte Carlo Simulation
  • ☰ 16.4 Detector Resolution Simulation
  • ☰ 16.5 Efficiency Simulation
• ☰ 17 Statistical Analysis with ROOT
  • ☰ 17.1 Basic Statistics
  • ☰ 17.2 Probability Distributions
  • ☰ 17.3 Statistical Uncertainties
  • ☰ 17.4 Chi-Square Tests
  • ☰ 17.5 Confidence Intervals
• ☰ 18 Modern ROOT with RDataFrame
  • ☰ 18.1 Introduction to RDataFrame
  • ☰ 18.2 Loading Data
  • ☰ 18.3 Filtering Data
  • ☰ 18.4 Defining New Columns
  • ☰ 18.5 Creating Histograms
  • ☰ 18.6 Statistical Operations
  • ☰ 18.7 Saving Results
  • ☰ 18.8 Multithreading
• ☰ 19 ROOT and Python
  • ☰ 19.1 Introduction to PyROOT
  • ☰ 19.2 ROOT Objects in Python
  • ☰ 19.3 Reading ROOT Files with Python
  • ☰ 19.4 PyROOT and NumPy
  • ☰ 19.5 PyROOT and Matplotlib
  • ☰ 19.6 Choosing Between C++ and Python
• ☰ 20 Advanced TTree Techniques
  • ☰ 20.1 Trees with Multiple Branches
  • ☰ 20.2 Storing std::vector Objects
  • ☰ 20.3 TChain
  • ☰ 20.4 Friends
  • ☰ 20.5 Efficient TTree Analysis
• ☰ 21 ROOT for Particle and Nuclear Physics
  • ☰ 21.1 Four-Vectors
  • ☰ 21.2 Particle Kinematics
  • ☰ 21.3 Invariant Mass
  • ☰ 21.4 Angular Distributions
  • ☰ 21.5 Detector Spectra
• ☰ 22 Debugging and Common ROOT Problems
  • ☰ 22.1 ROOT Object Ownership
  • ☰ 22.2 Null Pointers
  • ☰ 22.3 Segmentation Faults
  • ☰ 22.4 Missing Histograms
  • ☰ 22.5 ROOT File Problems
  • ☰ 22.6 TTree Branch Problems
  • ☰ 22.7 Histogram Range Problems
  • ☰ 22.8 Fit Failures
  • ☰ 22.9 Debugging ROOT Macros
• ☰ 23 Writing Better ROOT Analysis Code
  • ☰ 23.1 Separating Analysis and Plotting
  • ☰ 23.2 Using Functions
  • ☰ 23.3 Using Header Files
  • ☰ 23.4 Naming Conventions
  • ☰ 23.5 Avoiding Hard-Coded Values
  • ☰ 23.6 Configuration Parameters
  • ☰ 23.7 Reproducible Analysis
  • ☰ 23.8 Version Control with Git
• ☰ 24 Final Project
  • ☰ 24.1 Project Overview
  • ☰ 24.2 Analyze a complete scientific dataset using ROOT.
  • ☰ 24.3 Import the Data
  • ☰ 24.4 Explore the Dataset
  • ☰ 24.5 Apply Data Selection
  • ☰ 24.6 Create Histograms
  • ☰ 24.7 Fit the Data
  • ☰ 24.8 Calculate Physical Quantities
  • ☰ 24.9 Estimate Statistical Uncertainties
  • ☰ 24.10 Create Publication-Quality Figures
  • ☰ 24.11 Save the Analysis Results
  • ☰ 24.12 Write a Short Analysis Report
• ☰ 25 Appendices
  • ☰ 25.1 A. ROOT Command Cheat Sheet
  • ☰ 25.2 B. ROOT Histogram Classes
  • ☰ 25.3 C. ROOT Graph Classes
  • ☰ 25.4 D. Common TTree Commands
  • ☰ 25.5 E. Common Drawing Options
  • ☰ 25.6 F. Common Fit Functions
  • ☰ 25.7 G. ROOT C++ Cheat Sheet
  • ☰ 25.8 H. PyROOT Cheat Sheet
  • ☰ 25.9 I. Common ROOT Errors and Solutions
  • ☰ 25.10 J. Recommended ROOT Analysis Workflow