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1.7.2 Present tense of regular verbs

Using Regular Verbs in the Present Tense

In everyday German, the present tense is the most common tense you will use. To talk about daily routines, habits, and things that are true now, you need regular verbs in the present tense. In this chapter you learn how to recognize regular verbs, how to form their present tense, and how to use them in simple sentences.

What Regular Verbs Look Like

Most German infinitives (dictionary form) end in “-en” or “-n.” For regular verbs, this “-en” is the ending that you remove to get the stem.

Examples of regular verbs:

InfinitiveMeaningStem
machento do / makemach-
lernento learnlern-
arbeitento workarbeit-
spielento playspiel-
wohnento livewohn-
fragento askfrag-

Irregular verbs are different and are treated elsewhere. Here we only deal with verbs that keep a regular pattern in the present tense.

Personal Endings in the Present Tense

Regular verbs in the present tense use a fixed set of endings. You attach these endings to the stem of the verb.

Present tense endings for regular verbs:
ich: -e
du: -st
er / sie / es: -t
wir: -en
ihr: -t
sie / Sie: -en

These endings are the same for all regular verbs in the present tense.

Conjugation Patterns with Examples

You will now see how to use these endings with different regular verbs.

Example 1: machen (to do / make)

Stem: mach-

PersonGermanMeaning
ichich macheI do / I make
dudu machstyou do / you make (sing.)
er / sie / eser machthe does / he makes
wirwir machenwe do / we make
ihrihr machtyou do / you make (pl.)
sie / Siesie machen / Sie machenthey do / you do (formal)

Example sentences:

Ich mache Kaffee.
Du machst Hausaufgaben.
Wir machen Sport.

Example 2: lernen (to learn)

Stem: lern-

PersonGermanMeaning
ichich lerneI learn
dudu lernstyou learn (sing.)
er / sie / essie lerntshe learns
wirwir lernenwe learn
ihrihr lerntyou learn (pl.)
sie / Siesie lernen / Sie lernenthey learn / you learn (formal)

Example sentences:

Ich lerne Deutsch.
Er lernt Englisch.
Ihr lernt schnell.

Example 3: spielen (to play)

Stem: spiel-

PersonGermanMeaning
ichich spieleI play
dudu spielstyou play (sing.)
er / sie / eses spieltit plays
wirwir spielenwe play
ihrihr spieltyou play (pl.)
sie / Siesie spielen / Sie spielenthey play / you play (formal)

Example sentences:

Wir spielen Fußball.
Das Kind spielt im Garten.
Sie spielen Gitarre.

Special Spelling Cases with stems ending in d, t, s, ß, z

Some regular verbs need a small spelling change when you add the endings. The pronunciation stays easy and clear.

Verbs with stems ending in d or t

If the stem ends in -d or -t, you add an extra -e- before the endings -st (du) and -t (er / sie / es, ihr). This makes pronunciation easier.

Typical verbs: arbeiten (to work), antworten (to answer), warten (to wait).

Stem of arbeiten: arbeit-

PersonForm of arbeitenMeaning
ichich arbeiteI work
dudu arbeitestyou work (sing.)
er / sie / eser arbeitethe works
wirwir arbeitenwe work
ihrihr arbeitetyou work (pl.)
sie / Siesie arbeiten / Sie arbeitenthey work / you work (formal)

The extra -e- appears only where needed:

For stems ending in -d or -t:
du: -est
er / sie / es: -et
ihr: -et

Example sentences:

Ich arbeite in Berlin.
Du arbeitest viel.
Ihr arbeitet heute nicht.

Verbs with stems ending in s, ß, z, or x

If the stem ends in s, ß, z, or x, the normal ending -st for du would create a double "s" sound. In this case you drop the extra -s and use -t for du.

Typical verbs: heißen (to be called), tanzen (to dance), reisen (to travel).

Stem of heißen: heiß-

PersonForm of heißenMeaning
ichich heißemy name is / I am called
dudu heißtyour name is (sing.)
er / sie / essie heißther name is
wirwir heißenour name is
ihrihr heißtyour name is (pl.)
sie / Siesie heißen / Sie heißentheir name is / your name is (formal)

Here the du form is heißt, not heißst.

Another example: tanzen (to dance), stem: tanz-

PersonForm of tanzenMeaning
ichich tanzeI dance
dudu tanztyou dance (sing.)
er / sie / eser tanzthe dances
wirwir tanzenwe dance
ihrihr tanztyou dance (pl.)
sie / Siesie tanzen / Sie tanzenthey dance / you dance (formal)

For stems ending in s, ß, z, x:
du: use -t instead of -st.

Using the Present Tense for Daily Routines

The present tense in German is used for:

  1. Actions happening now:
    Ich lerne jetzt. (I am learning now.)
  2. Regular activities and routines:
    Ich arbeite jeden Tag. (I work every day.)
    Wir spielen oft Tennis. (We often play tennis.)
  3. General truths:
    Wasser kocht bei 100 Grad. (Water boils at 100 degrees.)

For everyday speech it is very common to use the present tense also for the near future with a time expression:
Ich arbeite morgen. (I work tomorrow / I will work tomorrow.)

Present Tense Summary Table

Here is a compact overview with three regular verbs.

Personmachen (to do)lernen (to learn)wohnen (to live)
ichmachelernewohne
dumachstlernstwohnst
er / sie / esmachtlerntwohnt
wirmachenlernenwohnen
ihrmachtlerntwohnt
sie / Siemachenlernenwohnen

Remember that special spelling only affects some stems, not the endings themselves.

New Vocabulary

GermanEnglishNotes
machento do, to makeregular verb
lernento learnregular verb
spielento playregular verb
arbeitento workstem ends in -t
antwortento answerstem ends in -t
wartento waitstem ends in -t
wohnento liveregular verb
fragento askregular verb
tanzento dancestem ends in -z
reisento travelstem ends in -s
heißento be calledstem ends in -ß
ichIpersonal pronoun
duyousingular informal
erhe
sieshe / theycontext decides meaning
esit
wirwe
ihryouplural informal
Sieyouformal singular and plural
jeden Tagevery daytime expression
oftoftenfrequency adverb
jetztnowtime adverb
morgentomorrowtime expression
Hausaufgabenhomeworkusually plural in German
Sportsports, exerciseuncountable in German
schnellfast, quicklyadverb / adjective
im Gartenin the gardenlocation phrase

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