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1.10.2 Common verbs

Overview

In this chapter you will meet very common Urdu verbs that you can start using immediately in simple present tense sentences. You already know basic sentence structure and some present tense forms, so here we will focus on:

We will not fully explain tense systems or complex verb patterns here. You will mostly see short, practical sentences you can copy and adapt.

How Urdu Verbs Are Shown

Urdu verbs in this chapter are given in this way:

For example:

Whenever you see a verb like this, remember that the infinitive (dictionary form) in Urdu usually ends in نا, for example کرنا, جانا, سونا.

Important:
The infinitive (dictionary form) of most Urdu verbs ends in نا, for example:

  • کرنا, karna
  • جانا, jana
  • دیکھنا, dekhna

Core Action Verbs

These are basic verbs that allow you to talk about many different activities.

کرنا, *karna*, to do / to make

This is one of the most common verbs. It is very flexible and used in many expressions.

Examples:

جانا, *jana*, to go

Use this verb to talk about going somewhere.

Examples:

آنا, *aana*, to come

This verb is the opposite of جانا, to go.

Examples:

ہونا, *hona*, to be / to happen

You already know forms like ہے and ہیں. Here we just see it with other verbs and adjectives.

Examples:

Everyday Movement and Position Verbs

These verbs help you talk about physical actions in your routine.

اٹھنا, *uthna*, to get up / to stand up

Examples:

بیٹھنا, *baithna*, to sit

Examples:

چلنا, *chalna*, to walk / to move

Examples:

دوڑنا, *daurna*, to run

Examples:

Basic Daily Routine Verbs

These verbs connect directly to daily activities.

سونا, *sona*, to sleep

Examples:

جاگنا, *jagna*, to wake up

Examples:

نہانا, *nahana*, to bathe / to shower

Examples:

کھانا, *khana*, to eat

Examples:

پینا, *peena*, to drink

Examples:

پڑھنا, *parhna*, to study / to read

Examples:

لکھنا, *likhna*, to write

Examples:

Communication Verbs

These verbs help you communicate in Urdu with people around you.

بولنا, *bolna*, to speak

Examples:

سننا, *sunna*, to listen / to hear

Examples:

کہنا, *kehna*, to say / to tell

Examples:

پوچھنا, *poochhna*, to ask

Examples:

Simple Mental and Feeling Verbs

These verbs help you talk about basic thoughts and feelings, very useful in daily life.

جاننا, *jaanna*, to know

Examples:

سمجھنا, *samajhna*, to understand

Examples:

پسند کرنا, *pasand karna*, to like

This is a combination, the noun پسند plus کرنا.

Examples:

چاہنا, *chahna*, to want / to wish

Examples:

House and Work Verbs

Very common actions at home, at work, or at school.

کھولنا, *kholna*, to open

Examples:

بند کرنا, *band karna*, to close / to turn off

Examples:

کام کرنا, *kaam karna*, to work

Examples:

خریدنا, *khareedna*, to buy

Examples:

دینا, *dena*, to give

Examples:

لینا, *lena*, to take

Examples:

Practice: Short Daily Sentences

Here are some model sentences that use several of these verbs together. Study the patterns and try to change the subject or the verb.

EnglishUrduRoman Urdu
I get up at seven and go to school. (male)میں سات بجے اٹھتا ہوں اور اسکول جاتا ہوں۔main saat bajay uthta hoon aur school jata hoon.
I eat breakfast and drink tea. (female)میں ناشتہ کرتی ہوں اور چائے پیتی ہوں۔main nashta karti hoon aur chai peeti hoon.
He comes home and sits on the chair.وہ گھر آتا ہے اور کرسی پر بیٹھتا ہے۔woh ghar aata hai aur kursi par baithta hai.
We study Urdu and speak Urdu.ہم اردو پڑھتے ہیں اور اردو بولتے ہیں۔hum Urdu parhtay hain aur Urdu boltay hain.
They listen and write.وہ سنتے ہیں اور لکھتے ہیں۔woh suntay hain aur likhtay hain.

Useful pattern for daily routine sentences:
Subject + time word + verb 1 + اور (and) + verb 2
For example:
میں صبح اٹھتا ہوں اور نہاتا ہوں۔
main subah uthta hoon aur nahata hoon.
I get up in the morning and take a bath. (male)

New Vocabulary from This Chapter

UrduRoman UrduPart of SpeechEnglish Meaning
کرناkarnaverb (infinitive)to do, to make
جاناjanaverbto go
آناaanaverbto come
ہوناhonaverbto be, to happen
اٹھناuthnaverbto get up, to stand up
بیٹھناbaithnaverbto sit
چلناchalnaverbto walk, to move
دوڑناdaurnaverbto run
سوناsonaverbto sleep
جاگناjagnaverbto wake up
نہاناnahanaverbto bathe, to shower
کھاناkhanaverbto eat
پیناpeenaverbto drink
پڑھناparhnaverbto study, to read
لکھناlikhnaverbto write
بولناbolnaverbto speak
سنناsunnaverbto listen, to hear
کہناkehnaverbto say, to tell
پوچھناpoochhnaverbto ask
جانناjaannaverbto know
سمجھناsamajhnaverbto understand
پسند کرناpasand karnaverb phraseto like
چاہناchahnaverbto want
کھولناkholnaverbto open
بند کرناband karnaverb phraseto close, to turn off
کام کرناkaam karnaverb phraseto work
خریدناkhareednaverbto buy
دیناdenaverbto give
لیناlenaverbto take
ناشتہnashtanounbreakfast
پانیpaaninounwater
چائےchainountea
کتابkitaabnounbook
دفترdaftarnounoffice
دروازہdarwaazanoundoor

Use this list to build your own simple present tense sentences about your everyday activities.

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