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1.5.2 Simple questions and answers

Asking and Answering Simple Questions in Urdu

In this chapter you will learn how to build very simple question and answer pairs in Urdu about personal information. We will work only with very basic patterns and words that you already know or can easily recognize. The goal is to help you understand how questions look and how to give short, natural answers.

Remember that Urdu sentence structure is generally Subject Object Verb (S O V), but here we focus on how questions and answers change the word order and tone.


Yes / No Questions with "کیا"

The easiest type of question in Urdu is a yes / no question.

Urdu often uses the word کیا kya at the beginning of a question.

Rule:
To make a basic yes / no question in Urdu, put کیا (kya) at the beginning of the sentence and keep the rest of the sentence in normal order.

Compare:

Pattern

TypeUrdu patternEnglish meaning
StatementSubject + information + ہے / ہیں"Subject is / are ..."
Questionکیا + Subject + information + ہے / ہیں؟"Is / Are subject ... ?"

Examples:

    • Statement: وہ شاگرد ہے۔
      Woh shaagird hai.
      "He / she is a student."
    • Question: کیا وہ شاگرد ہے؟
      Kya woh shaagird hai?
      "Is he / she a student?"
    • Statement: یہ میرا دوست ہے۔
      Yeh mera dost hai.
      "This is my friend."
    • Question: کیا یہ آپ کا دوست ہے؟
      Kya yeh aap ka dost hai?
      "Is this your friend?"
    • Statement: آپ استاد ہیں۔
      Aap ustaad hain.
      "You are a teacher."
    • Question: کیا آپ استاد ہیں؟
      Kya aap ustaad hain?
      "Are you a teacher?"

Answering Yes / No Questions

You already know the basic words for yes and no.

You can answer just with ہاں or نہیں, but it is more natural to repeat part of the sentence.

Positive answers

Patterns:

  1. Very short:
    • ہاں۔
      Haan.
      "Yes."
  2. Short plus verb:
    • ہاں، ہوں۔ / ہاں، ہیں۔
      Haan, hoon. / Haan, hain.
      "Yes, (I am / you are)."
  3. Full answer:
    • ہاں، میں پاکستانی ہوں۔
      Haan, main Pakistani hoon.
      "Yes, I am Pakistani."

Examples:

Negative answers

Use نہیں plus the negative sentence.

Patterns:

Examples:

    • Question: کیا آپ پاکستانی ہیں؟
      Kya aap Pakistani hain?
    • Answer (negative):
      نہیں، میں پاکستانی نہیں ہوں۔
      Nahin, main Pakistani nahin hoon.
      "No, I am not Pakistani."
    • Question: کیا وہ استاد ہے؟
      Kya woh ustaad hai?
    • Answer:
      نہیں، وہ استاد نہیں ہے، وہ شاگرد ہے۔
      Nahin, woh ustaad nahin hai, woh shaagird hai.
      "No, he / she is not a teacher, he / she is a student."
    • Question: کیا یہ آپ کا گھر ہے؟
      Kya yeh aap ka ghar hai?
    • Answer:
      نہیں، یہ میرا گھر نہیں ہے۔
      Nahin, yeh mera ghar nahin hai.
      "No, this is not my house."

Question Word "کیا" as "What"

The word کیا kya can also mean "what". In this chapter we use it in very simple patterns.

Rule:
When کیا means "what", it usually comes before the verb part, often near the end of the sentence.

In simple personal questions we will use:

Asking "What is this?" and "What is that?"

These are very useful everyday questions.

EnglishUrduTransliteration
What is this?یہ کیا ہے؟Yeh kya hai?
What is that?وہ کیا ہے؟Woh kya hai?

Possible answers:

Mini dialogues:


  1. A: یہ کیا ہے؟
    Yeh kya hai?
    B: یہ قلم ہے۔
    Yeh qalam hai.
    "A: What is this?
    B: This is a pen."

  2. A: وہ کیا ہے؟
    Woh kya hai?
    B: وہ دکان ہے۔
    Woh dukaan hai.
    "A: What is that?
    B: That is a shop."

  3. A: یہ کیا ہے؟
    Yeh kya hai?
    B: یہ میرا گھر ہے۔
    Yeh mera ghar hai.
    "A: What is this?
    B: This is my house."

Asking "Who" with "کون"

For people, you usually ask "who" instead of "what". The Urdu word for "who" is کون kaun.

In very simple questions, کون comes in the position of the person.

Rule:
Use کون to ask "who".

  • If you ask identity: یہ کون ہے؟ / وہ کون ہے؟ / یہ کون ہیں؟
  • For polite "who are you": آپ کون ہیں؟

"Who is this?" "Who is that?"

EnglishUrduTransliteration
Who is this?یہ کون ہے؟Yeh kaun hai?
Who is that?وہ کون ہے؟Woh kaun hai?

Answers:

Mini dialogues:


  1. A: یہ کون ہے؟
    Yeh kaun hai?
    B: یہ میرا استاد ہے۔
    Yeh mera ustaad hai.
    "A: Who is this?
    B: This is my teacher."

  2. A: وہ کون ہے؟
    Woh kaun hai?
    B: وہ میرا دوست ہے۔
    Woh mera dost hai.
    "A: Who is that?
    B: That is my friend."

"Who are you?" politely

For polite speech, especially to a new person, say:

Possible short answers:

Mini dialogues:


  1. A: آپ کون ہیں؟
    Aap kaun hain?
    B: میں احمد ہوں۔
    Main Ahmad hoon.
    "A: Who are you?
    B: I am Ahmad."

  2. A: آپ کون ہیں؟
    Aap kaun hain?
    B: میں ڈاکٹر ہوں۔
    Main doctor hoon.
    "A: Who are you?
    B: I am a doctor."

Simple Questions about Profession

You can ask about a person’s role or profession with a very simple pattern.

For "What is he / she?", "What are you?" in the sense of job, Urdu uses کیا with ہیں / ہے.

Common patterns:

Possible answers:

Dialogue examples:


  1. A: آپ کیا ہیں؟
    Aap kya hain?
    B: میں شاگرد ہوں۔
    Main shaagird hoon.
    "A: What are you?
    B: I am a student."

  2. A: وہ کیا ہے؟
    Woh kya hai?
    B: وہ ڈاکٹر ہے۔
    Woh doctor hai.
    "A: What is he / she?
    B: He / she is a doctor."

  3. A: کیا آپ استاد ہیں؟
    Kya aap ustaad hain?
    B: نہیں، میں استاد نہیں ہوں، میں شاگرد ہوں۔
    Nahin, main ustaad nahin hoon, main shaagird hoon.
    "A: Are you a teacher?
    B: No, I am not a teacher, I am a student."

Combining Yes / No and "What / Who" Questions

You can mix patterns to talk about people you see and to confirm details.

Example 1

A: یہ کون ہے؟
Yeh kaun hai?
B: یہ میرا دوست ہے۔
Yeh mera dost hai.
A: کیا یہ پاکستانی ہے؟
Kya yeh Pakistani hai?
B: ہاں، یہ پاکستانی ہے۔
Haan, yeh Pakistani hai.

"
A: Who is this?
B: This is my friend.
A: Is he Pakistani?
B: Yes, he is Pakistani.
"

Example 2

A: وہ کون ہے؟
Woh kaun hai?
B: وہ میرا استاد ہے۔
Woh mera ustaad hai.
A: وہ کیا ہے؟
Woh kya hai?
B: وہ انگریزی کا استاد ہے۔
Woh angrezi ka ustaad hai.

"
A: Who is that?
B: That is my teacher.
A: What is he?
B: He is an English teacher.
"

Example 3

A: آپ کون ہیں؟
Aap kaun hain?
B: میں سارہ ہوں۔
Main Sarah hoon.
A: آپ کیا ہیں؟
Aap kya hain?
B: میں ڈاکٹر ہوں۔
Main doctor hoon.

"
A: Who are you?
B: I am Sarah.
A: What are you?
B: I am a doctor.
"


Intonation and Question Mark

In spoken Urdu you often understand a question by:

  1. The word کیا or کون.
  2. The rising intonation at the end of the sentence.

In writing, Urdu uses the same question mark ؟ as in Arabic script. It comes at the end of the question:

Even when you do not use کیا, the question mark and the voice rising at the end signal a question.

Example:

Practice: Matching Questions and Answers

Look at the pairs. See how the question word and the answer match.

Question (Urdu)MeaningGood answer (Urdu)Meaning
آپ کون ہیں؟Who are you?میں احمد ہوں۔I am Ahmad.
آپ کیا ہیں؟What are you?میں شاگرد ہوں۔I am a student.
یہ کیا ہے؟What is this?یہ کتاب ہے۔This is a book.
وہ کون ہے؟Who is that?وہ میرا دوست ہے۔That is my friend.
کیا آپ پاکستانی ہیں؟Are you Pakistani?نہیں، میں پاکستانی نہیں ہوں۔No, I am not Pakistani.
کیا وہ استاد ہے؟Is he / she a teacher?ہاں، وہ استاد ہے۔Yes, he / she is a teacher.

You can create many more combinations using the same simple building blocks.


Chapter Vocabulary

Below is a list of useful new words and patterns from this chapter.

Urdu (script)TransliterationPart of speechEnglish meaning
کیاkyaquestion wordwhat, or yes/no question marker
کونkaunquestion wordwho
ہاںhaanadverbyes
نہیںnahinadverbno, not
یہyehpronounthis, it
وہwohpronounthat, he, she, it
دوستdostnounfriend
شاگردshaagirdnounstudent
استادustaadnounteacher (usually male / general)
استانیustaninounteacher (female)
ڈاکٹرdoctornoundoctor
انجینئرengineernounengineer
گھرgharnounhouse, home
دکانdukaannounshop
کتابkitaabnounbook
قلمqalamnounpen
موبائلmobilenounmobile phone
بسbusnounbus
میرا / میری / میرےmera / meri / merepossessive adj.my
آپ کون ہیں؟Aap kaun hain?phraseWho are you? (polite)
آپ کیا ہیں؟Aap kya hain?phraseWhat are you? (profession)
یہ کیا ہے؟Yeh kya hai?phraseWhat is this?
وہ کیا ہے؟Woh kya hai?phraseWhat is that?
یہ کون ہے؟Yeh kaun hai?phraseWho is this?
وہ کون ہے؟Woh kaun hai?phraseWho is that?
کیا آپ ... ہیں؟Kya aap ... hain?patternAre you ... ?
کیا وہ ... ہے؟Kya woh ... hai?patternIs he / she ... ?

Use these patterns to build your own simple questions and answers about people and things around you.

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