Table of Contents
Asking and Answering Simple Questions in Urdu
In this chapter you will learn how to build very simple question and answer pairs in Urdu about personal information. We will work only with very basic patterns and words that you already know or can easily recognize. The goal is to help you understand how questions look and how to give short, natural answers.
Remember that Urdu sentence structure is generally Subject Object Verb (S O V), but here we focus on how questions and answers change the word order and tone.
Yes / No Questions with "کیا"
The easiest type of question in Urdu is a yes / no question.
Urdu often uses the word کیا kya at the beginning of a question.
Rule:
To make a basic yes / no question in Urdu, put کیا (kya) at the beginning of the sentence and keep the rest of the sentence in normal order.
Compare:
- Statement:
آپ پاکستانی ہیں۔
Aap Pakistani hain.
"You are Pakistani." - Question:
کیا آپ پاکستانی ہیں؟
Kya aap Pakistani hain?
"Are you Pakistani?"
Pattern
| Type | Urdu pattern | English meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Statement | Subject + information + ہے / ہیں | "Subject is / are ..." |
| Question | کیا + Subject + information + ہے / ہیں؟ | "Is / Are subject ... ?" |
Examples:
- Statement: وہ شاگرد ہے۔
Woh shaagird hai.
"He / she is a student." - Question: کیا وہ شاگرد ہے؟
Kya woh shaagird hai?
"Is he / she a student?" - Statement: یہ میرا دوست ہے۔
Yeh mera dost hai.
"This is my friend." - Question: کیا یہ آپ کا دوست ہے؟
Kya yeh aap ka dost hai?
"Is this your friend?" - Statement: آپ استاد ہیں۔
Aap ustaad hain.
"You are a teacher." - Question: کیا آپ استاد ہیں؟
Kya aap ustaad hain?
"Are you a teacher?"
Answering Yes / No Questions
You already know the basic words for yes and no.
- ہاں haan = yes
- نہیں nahin = no
You can answer just with ہاں or نہیں, but it is more natural to repeat part of the sentence.
Positive answers
Patterns:
- Very short:
- ہاں۔
Haan.
"Yes." - Short plus verb:
- ہاں، ہوں۔ / ہاں، ہیں۔
Haan, hoon. / Haan, hain.
"Yes, (I am / you are)." - Full answer:
- ہاں، میں پاکستانی ہوں۔
Haan, main Pakistani hoon.
"Yes, I am Pakistani."
Examples:
- Question: کیا آپ پاکستانی ہیں؟
Kya aap Pakistani hain?
Answer:
ہاں، میں پاکستانی ہوں۔
Haan, main Pakistani hoon.
"Yes, I am Pakistani." - Question: کیا وہ شاگرد ہے؟
Kya woh shaagird hai?
Answer:
ہاں، وہ شاگرد ہے۔
Haan, woh shaagird hai.
"Yes, he / she is a student."
Negative answers
Use نہیں plus the negative sentence.
Patterns:
- نہیں، میں ... نہیں ہوں۔
Nahin, main ... nahin hoon. - نہیں، وہ ... نہیں ہے۔
Nahin, woh ... nahin hai. - نہیں، ہم ... نہیں ہیں۔
Nahin, hum ... nahin hain.
Examples:
- Question: کیا آپ پاکستانی ہیں؟
Kya aap Pakistani hain? - Answer (negative):
نہیں، میں پاکستانی نہیں ہوں۔
Nahin, main Pakistani nahin hoon.
"No, I am not Pakistani." - Question: کیا وہ استاد ہے؟
Kya woh ustaad hai? - Answer:
نہیں، وہ استاد نہیں ہے، وہ شاگرد ہے۔
Nahin, woh ustaad nahin hai, woh shaagird hai.
"No, he / she is not a teacher, he / she is a student." - Question: کیا یہ آپ کا گھر ہے؟
Kya yeh aap ka ghar hai? - Answer:
نہیں، یہ میرا گھر نہیں ہے۔
Nahin, yeh mera ghar nahin hai.
"No, this is not my house."
Question Word "کیا" as "What"
The word کیا kya can also mean "what". In this chapter we use it in very simple patterns.
Rule:
When کیا means "what", it usually comes before the verb part, often near the end of the sentence.
In simple personal questions we will use:
- آپ کیا ہیں؟ = "What are you?" (as in "What is your profession?")
- یہ کیا ہے؟ = "What is this?"
- وہ کیا ہے؟ = "What is that?"
Asking "What is this?" and "What is that?"
These are very useful everyday questions.
| English | Urdu | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| What is this? | یہ کیا ہے؟ | Yeh kya hai? |
| What is that? | وہ کیا ہے؟ | Woh kya hai? |
Possible answers:
- یہ کتاب ہے۔
Yeh kitaab hai.
"This is a book." - یہ موبائل ہے۔
Yeh mobile hai.
"This is a mobile (phone)." - وہ گھر ہے۔
Woh ghar hai.
"That is a house." - وہ بس ہے۔
Woh bus hai.
"That is a bus."
Mini dialogues:
A: یہ کیا ہے؟
Yeh kya hai?
B: یہ قلم ہے۔
Yeh qalam hai.
"A: What is this?
B: This is a pen."
A: وہ کیا ہے؟
Woh kya hai?
B: وہ دکان ہے۔
Woh dukaan hai.
"A: What is that?
B: That is a shop."
A: یہ کیا ہے؟
Yeh kya hai?
B: یہ میرا گھر ہے۔
Yeh mera ghar hai.
"A: What is this?
B: This is my house."
Asking "Who" with "کون"
For people, you usually ask "who" instead of "what". The Urdu word for "who" is کون kaun.
In very simple questions, کون comes in the position of the person.
Rule:
Use کون to ask "who".
- If you ask identity: یہ کون ہے؟ / وہ کون ہے؟ / یہ کون ہیں؟
- For polite "who are you": آپ کون ہیں؟
"Who is this?" "Who is that?"
| English | Urdu | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| Who is this? | یہ کون ہے؟ | Yeh kaun hai? |
| Who is that? | وہ کون ہے؟ | Woh kaun hai? |
Answers:
- یہ میرا دوست ہے۔
Yeh mera dost hai.
"This is my friend." - وہ میری بہن ہے۔
Woh meri behen hai.
"That is my sister." - یہ میرا بھائی ہے۔
Yeh mera bhai hai.
"This is my brother."
Mini dialogues:
A: یہ کون ہے؟
Yeh kaun hai?
B: یہ میرا استاد ہے۔
Yeh mera ustaad hai.
"A: Who is this?
B: This is my teacher."
A: وہ کون ہے؟
Woh kaun hai?
B: وہ میرا دوست ہے۔
Woh mera dost hai.
"A: Who is that?
B: That is my friend."
"Who are you?" politely
For polite speech, especially to a new person, say:
- آپ کون ہیں؟
Aap kaun hain?
"Who are you?" (polite)
Possible short answers:
- میں علی ہوں۔
Main Ali hoon.
"I am Ali." - میں استانی ہوں۔
Main ustani hoon.
"I am a (female) teacher." - میں شاگرد ہوں۔
Main shaagird hoon.
"I am a student."
Mini dialogues:
A: آپ کون ہیں؟
Aap kaun hain?
B: میں احمد ہوں۔
Main Ahmad hoon.
"A: Who are you?
B: I am Ahmad."
A: آپ کون ہیں؟
Aap kaun hain?
B: میں ڈاکٹر ہوں۔
Main doctor hoon.
"A: Who are you?
B: I am a doctor."
Simple Questions about Profession
You can ask about a person’s role or profession with a very simple pattern.
For "What is he / she?", "What are you?" in the sense of job, Urdu uses کیا with ہیں / ہے.
Common patterns:
- آپ کیا ہیں؟
Aap kya hain?
"What are you?" (profession, polite) - وہ کیا ہے؟
Woh kya hai?
"What is he / she?" (profession)
Possible answers:
- میں شاگرد ہوں۔
Main shaagird hoon.
"I am a student." - میں استاد ہوں۔
Main ustaad hoon.
"I am a teacher." - وہ ڈاکٹر ہے۔
Woh doctor hai.
"He / she is a doctor." - وہ انجینئر ہے۔
Woh engineer hai.
"He / she is an engineer."
Dialogue examples:
A: آپ کیا ہیں؟
Aap kya hain?
B: میں شاگرد ہوں۔
Main shaagird hoon.
"A: What are you?
B: I am a student."
A: وہ کیا ہے؟
Woh kya hai?
B: وہ ڈاکٹر ہے۔
Woh doctor hai.
"A: What is he / she?
B: He / she is a doctor."
A: کیا آپ استاد ہیں؟
Kya aap ustaad hain?
B: نہیں، میں استاد نہیں ہوں، میں شاگرد ہوں۔
Nahin, main ustaad nahin hoon, main shaagird hoon.
"A: Are you a teacher?
B: No, I am not a teacher, I am a student."
Combining Yes / No and "What / Who" Questions
You can mix patterns to talk about people you see and to confirm details.
Example 1
A: یہ کون ہے؟
Yeh kaun hai?
B: یہ میرا دوست ہے۔
Yeh mera dost hai.
A: کیا یہ پاکستانی ہے؟
Kya yeh Pakistani hai?
B: ہاں، یہ پاکستانی ہے۔
Haan, yeh Pakistani hai.
"
A: Who is this?
B: This is my friend.
A: Is he Pakistani?
B: Yes, he is Pakistani.
"
Example 2
A: وہ کون ہے؟
Woh kaun hai?
B: وہ میرا استاد ہے۔
Woh mera ustaad hai.
A: وہ کیا ہے؟
Woh kya hai?
B: وہ انگریزی کا استاد ہے۔
Woh angrezi ka ustaad hai.
"
A: Who is that?
B: That is my teacher.
A: What is he?
B: He is an English teacher.
"
Example 3
A: آپ کون ہیں؟
Aap kaun hain?
B: میں سارہ ہوں۔
Main Sarah hoon.
A: آپ کیا ہیں؟
Aap kya hain?
B: میں ڈاکٹر ہوں۔
Main doctor hoon.
"
A: Who are you?
B: I am Sarah.
A: What are you?
B: I am a doctor.
"
Intonation and Question Mark
In spoken Urdu you often understand a question by:
- The word کیا or کون.
- The rising intonation at the end of the sentence.
In writing, Urdu uses the same question mark ؟ as in Arabic script. It comes at the end of the question:
- کیا آپ شاگرد ہیں؟
Kya aap shaagird hain? - آپ کون ہیں؟
Aap kaun hain?
Even when you do not use کیا, the question mark and the voice rising at the end signal a question.
Example:
- آپ علی ہیں؟
Aap Ali hain?
"Are you Ali?"
Practice: Matching Questions and Answers
Look at the pairs. See how the question word and the answer match.
| Question (Urdu) | Meaning | Good answer (Urdu) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| آپ کون ہیں؟ | Who are you? | میں احمد ہوں۔ | I am Ahmad. |
| آپ کیا ہیں؟ | What are you? | میں شاگرد ہوں۔ | I am a student. |
| یہ کیا ہے؟ | What is this? | یہ کتاب ہے۔ | This is a book. |
| وہ کون ہے؟ | Who is that? | وہ میرا دوست ہے۔ | That is my friend. |
| کیا آپ پاکستانی ہیں؟ | Are you Pakistani? | نہیں، میں پاکستانی نہیں ہوں۔ | No, I am not Pakistani. |
| کیا وہ استاد ہے؟ | Is he / she a teacher? | ہاں، وہ استاد ہے۔ | Yes, he / she is a teacher. |
You can create many more combinations using the same simple building blocks.
Chapter Vocabulary
Below is a list of useful new words and patterns from this chapter.
| Urdu (script) | Transliteration | Part of speech | English meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| کیا | kya | question word | what, or yes/no question marker |
| کون | kaun | question word | who |
| ہاں | haan | adverb | yes |
| نہیں | nahin | adverb | no, not |
| یہ | yeh | pronoun | this, it |
| وہ | woh | pronoun | that, he, she, it |
| دوست | dost | noun | friend |
| شاگرد | shaagird | noun | student |
| استاد | ustaad | noun | teacher (usually male / general) |
| استانی | ustani | noun | teacher (female) |
| ڈاکٹر | doctor | noun | doctor |
| انجینئر | engineer | noun | engineer |
| گھر | ghar | noun | house, home |
| دکان | dukaan | noun | shop |
| کتاب | kitaab | noun | book |
| قلم | qalam | noun | pen |
| موبائل | mobile | noun | mobile phone |
| بس | bus | noun | bus |
| میرا / میری / میرے | mera / meri / mere | possessive adj. | my |
| آپ کون ہیں؟ | Aap kaun hain? | phrase | Who are you? (polite) |
| آپ کیا ہیں؟ | Aap kya hain? | phrase | What are you? (profession) |
| یہ کیا ہے؟ | Yeh kya hai? | phrase | What is this? |
| وہ کیا ہے؟ | Woh kya hai? | phrase | What is that? |
| یہ کون ہے؟ | Yeh kaun hai? | phrase | Who is this? |
| وہ کون ہے؟ | Woh kaun hai? | phrase | Who is that? |
| کیا آپ ... ہیں؟ | Kya aap ... hain? | pattern | Are you ... ? |
| کیا وہ ... ہے؟ | Kya woh ... hai? | pattern | Is he / she ... ? |
Use these patterns to build your own simple questions and answers about people and things around you.