4.2 The Roman Empire

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Where to Move

Move chapter:

• ☰ 1 What is History?
  • ☰ 1.1 History & Research
    • ☰ 1.1.1 The Many Meanings of History
    • ☰ 1.1.2 Science & Writing of History
    • ☰ 1.1.3 How History Develops
  • ☰ 1.2 Thinking & Working Historically
  • ☰ 1.3 Methods & Working Techniques
  • ☰ 1.4 Timekeeping and Historical Dating
• ☰ 2 Early History
  • ☰ 2.1 The Old Stone Age
  • ☰ 2.2 The New Stone Age
  • ☰ 2.3 The Bronze Age
  • ☰ 2.4 The Iron Age
• ☰ 3 High Civilisations
  • ☰ 3.1 Mesopotamia
    • ☰ 3.1.1 Geographical Conditions
    • ☰ 3.1.2 The Sumerian City-States
    • ☰ 3.1.3 Great Empires of the Semitic Peoples
    • ☰ 3.1.4 Metropolis Babylon
  • ☰ 3.2 Egypt
    • ☰ 3.2.1 Development Conditions
    • ☰ 3.2.2 Economy & Society
    • ☰ 3.2.3 Rule of the Pharao
    • ☰ 3.2.4 Religion of the Egyptians
  • ☰ 3.3 Ancient Israel
    • ☰ 3.3.1 Immigration and Formation of the Tribal Confederation
    • ☰ 3.3.2 The State of Israel Arises
  • ☰ 3.4 The High Civilisations of Asia
    • ☰ 3.4.1 Advanced Civilizations in China
      • ☰ 3.4.1.1 Overview of Chinese Dynasties
      • ☰ 3.4.1.2 The Teachings of Confucius
      • ☰ 3.4.1.3 Daoism in China
    • ☰ 3.4.2 The Indus/Harappa Civilization
      • ☰ 3.4.2.1 Harappa
      • ☰ 3.4.2.2 Mohenjo-Daro
      • ☰ 3.4.2.3 Buddhism
• ☰ 4 Classical Antiquity
  • ☰ 4.1 Ancient Greece
    • ☰ 4.1.1 Geography of Greece
    • ☰ 4.1.2 Man and Myth
    • ☰ 4.1.3 Early Period
      • ☰ 4.1.3.1 The Early Cultures of the Aegean
      • ☰ 4.1.3.2 The Mycenaean Culture
      • ☰ 4.1.3.3 The Collapse of the Bronze Age
    • ☰ 4.1.4 The Dark Ages
      • ☰ 4.1.4.1 Beginning of the Dark Period
      • ☰ 4.1.4.2 The Emergence of the Polis
      • ☰ 4.1.4.3 Greek Colonization
    • ☰ 4.1.5 The Archaic Period
      • ☰ 4.1.5.1 Social and Political Developments
      • ☰ 4.1.5.2 The Early Greek Philosophers (Presocratics)
      • ☰ 4.1.5.3 Art and Architecture of the Archaic Period
      • ☰ 4.1.5.4 Olympian Gods
      • ☰ 4.1.5.5 Iliad & Odyssey
      • ☰ 4.1.5.6 Trojan War
      • ☰ 4.1.5.7 Minotaur & King Minos
    • ☰ 4.1.6 The Classic Period
      • ☰ 4.1.6.1 The Persian Wars
      • ☰ 4.1.6.2 Scientific Achievements
      • ☰ 4.1.6.3 The Golden Age of Athens
      • ☰ 4.1.6.4 Greek Tragedy & Comedy
      • ☰ 4.1.6.5 The Philosophy of Classical Greece
      • ☰ 4.1.6.6 The Peloponnesian War
      • ☰ 4.1.6.7 Sparta & the Peloponnesian System
    • ☰ 4.1.7 Age of Alexander the Great
      • ☰ 4.1.7.1 The Rise of Macedonia & Philip II
      • ☰ 4.1.7.2 Alexander the Great & the Persian Campaign
    • ☰ 4.1.8 The Hellenistic Period
      • ☰ 4.1.8.1 The Diadochi Kingdoms
      • ☰ 4.1.8.2 Hellenistic Culture, Science, and Society
  • ☰ 4.2 The Roman Empire
    • ☰ 4.2.1 The Foundation and Early Days
    • ☰ 4.2.2 The Roman Republic
    • ☰ 4.2.3 The Roman Emperors
      • ☰ 4.2.3.1 The Julio-Claudian Emperors
      • ☰ 4.2.3.2 The Flavian Dynasty
      • ☰ 4.2.3.3 The Five Good Emporers
    • ☰ 4.2.4 The Decline of the Roman Empire
      • ☰ 4.2.4.1 The Crisis of the Third Century
      • ☰ 4.2.4.2 Diocletian and the Tetrarchy
      • ☰ 4.2.4.3 The Rise of Constantine and the Constantinian Dynasty
      • ☰ 4.2.4.4 The Division of the Empire
      • ☰ 4.2.4.5 The Fall of the Western Roman Empire
• ☰ 5 The Middle Ages
  • ☰ 5.1 The Transition from the Antiquity to the Middle Ages
    • ☰ 5.1.1 Migration Period
    • ☰ 5.1.2 The Germanic Tribes and Kingdoms
    • ☰ 5.1.3 The Periodization of the Middle Ages in Europe
  • ☰ 5.2 The Byzantine Empire
    • ☰ 5.2.1 The Emergence of the Byzantine Empire
    • ☰ 5.2.2 The Golden Age of the Byzantine Empire
    • ☰ 5.2.3 The Decline of the Byzantine Empire
  • ☰ 5.3 The Arabian Empire
    • ☰ 5.3.1 Prophet Mohammed and the Foundaion of Islam
    • ☰ 5.3.2 The Foundation of the Early Islamic State
    • ☰ 5.3.3 The Umayyad Caliphate and the Expansion of the Islamic Empire
    • ☰ 5.3.4 The Abbasids and the Golden Age of Islam
    • ☰ 5.3.5 The Achievements of Muslim Civilization
  • ☰ 5.4 Kingdom of the Franks
    • ☰ 5.4.1 The Merovingian Kingdom
      • ☰ 5.4.1.1 The Emergence of the Feudal System
      • ☰ 5.4.1.2 The Lex Salica
      • ☰ 5.4.1.3 The Christianization of the Germanic Tribes
    • ☰ 5.4.2 The Carolingian Realm
      • ☰ 5.4.2.1 The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty
      • ☰ 5.4.2.2 The Carolingian Kingdom under Pepin III
      • ☰ 5.4.2.3 The Coronation of Charlemagne and the Renovatio Romanorum Imper
      • ☰ 5.4.2.4 The Carolingian Renaissance
      • ☰ 5.4.2.5 The Administration of the Carolingian Empire
    • ☰ 5.4.3 The Frankish Realms After the Division
    • ☰ 5.4.4 The Fundamental Structures of the Frankish Constitutional Order
      • ☰ 5.4.4.1 The Feudal System
      • ☰ 5.4.4.2 Nobility and the Knightly Class
      • ☰ 5.4.4.3 The Training and Formation of a Medieval Knight
      • ☰ 5.4.4.4 The Role of Women at the Medieval Court
      • ☰ 5.4.4.5 Castles as the Living Centers of Nobility and Knighthood
      • ☰ 5.4.4.6 The Decline in the Significance of the Medieval Knight
  • ☰ 5.5 The High Middle Agles
    • ☰ 5.5.1 The Beginnings of the German Realm
      • ☰ 5.5.1.1 The Suppression of Rebellions and the Rise of the Imperial Knighthood
      • ☰ 5.5.1.2 The Beginnings of Imperial Policy in Italy
    • ☰ 5.5.2 The Church System
      • ☰ 5.5.2.1 The Expansion of Imperial Authority over the Church
      • ☰ 5.5.2.2 The Investiture Controversy
      • ☰ 5.5.2.3 The Life of Monks in the Medieval World
      • ☰ 5.5.2.4 New Orders in the High Middle Ages
      • ☰ 5.5.2.5 The Staufen Era
    • ☰ 5.5.3 The Crusades
      • ☰ 5.5.3.1 The New Tasks of the Teutonic Order
      • ☰ 5.5.3.2 The Rural World of the Medieval Peasantry
      • ☰ 5.5.3.3 The Village as the Peasant’s Center of Life
      • ☰ 5.5.3.4 The Manorial System as a Form of Rule over Land and People
      • ☰ 5.5.3.5 The Medieval Agrarian Revolution: The Three-Field System and New Agricultural Tools
      • ☰ 5.5.3.6 Inner Land Development and the Eastward Expansion