4.6 Forming Simple Positive Sentences

Building Simple Positive Sentences in Georgian

In this chapter you will use the verb forms you know and put them into full, positive sentences. The focus here is on very basic, useful patterns that you can already use in everyday conversation.

Remember, detailed verb conjugation patterns and question formation belong to other chapters. Here we practice the simplest, most common positive sentence types.

1. Basic “A is B” Sentences with “to be”

For absolute beginners the easiest complete sentence is “A is B”.

In Georgian you usually say:

• Noun / pronoun + complement + form of “to be”

Very often the verb “to be” comes at the end of the sentence.

Examples with “I am…” (მე ვარ)

You can drop “მე” (me, “I”) if it is clear from context.

• სტუდენტი ვარ.
  “I am a student.”

Examples with “you are…” (შენ ხარ; თქვენ ხართ)

Note the plural noun with “you (plural) are”:

• სტუდენტი → სტუდენტები
• მასწავლებელი → მასწავლებლები

You do not need an article like “a” or “the” in Georgian.

Examples with “he / she / it is…” (ის არის / ის არის → colloquially “aris” often shortened)

In everyday speech “ის არის” is often just “არის”.

Notice the short form:

• ის ექიმია. literally “he doctor-is”.

The verb attaches as -ია after the noun in many “he/she/it is X” sentences.

More examples:

• ეს სახლია.
  “This is a house.”
• ეს ქუჩაა.
  “This is a street.”

“We are” and “they are”

Again, verb usually at the end.

2. “There is / There are” with “to be”

To say “there is” or “there are” Georgian usually uses the verb “to be” without a subject pronoun.

Some beginner friendly patterns:

• აქ … არის.
  “There is … here.”
• აქ … არიან.
  “There are … here.” (for people, plural)

Examples:

With people, you can also say:

• აქ სტუდენტები არიან.
  “There are students here.”

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3. Positive Sentences with “to have”

You have already seen the verb “to have”. Here we focus on using it inside very simple positive sentences about possession and family.

The usual pattern is:

• I have X.
  You have X.

In Georgian the literal meaning is often “to me is X”, but here we just use ready-made forms.

“I have…” (მე მაქვს / მე მყავს)

Georgian uses two different verbs for “have”:

• მაქვს for things, inanimate objects, abstract things.
• მყავს for people and some animals (family, friends, pets).

For now, just follow the examples.

You can drop “მე” again:

• წიგნი მაქვს.
  “I have a book.”

“You have…” (შენ გაქვს / შენ გყავს)

“He / she has…” (მას აქვს / მას ჰყავს)

In everyday speech, you might also hear “მას…” dropped if context is clear:

• მანქანა აქვს.
  “He/she has a car.”

“We have / you (pl.) have / they have”

You do not need to understand all structure details now. Focus on recognising full useful sentences.

4. Positive Sentences with Common Action Verbs

Now we form simple positive sentences with some very frequent verbs in the present tense. Use pronouns when needed, but remember they can often be omitted in real speech.

We will use everyday, beginner friendly verbs:

• to go
• to live
• to study / to learn
• to work
• to speak
• to like

You will see only “I” and “you” forms for now for clarity.

“To live”: I live, you live

Without “მე” and “შენ”:

• თბილისში ვცხოვრობ.
  “I live in Tbilisi.”
• თბილისში ცხოვრობ.
  “You live in Tbilisi.”

“To study / to learn”: I study, you study

Again, pronoun can be dropped:

• ქართულს ვსწავლობ.
  “I study Georgian.”

“To work”: I work, you work

Without pronouns:

• ბანკში ვმუშაობ.
  “I work at a bank.”

“To go”: I go, you go

Often, “I go to…” is a very common daily sentence:

• უნივერსიტეტში მივდივარ.
  “I am going to the university.”

“To speak”: I speak, you speak

Notice “ქართულად” and “ინგლისურად” mean “in Georgian”, “in English”.

“To like”: I like, you like

A simple and useful pattern is:

• მე მიყვარს X.
  “I like / I love X.”
• შენ გიყვარს X.
  “You like / you love X.”

Often speakers drop the pronoun:

• ყავა მიყვარს.
  “I like coffee.”

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5. Typical Daily Positive Sentences

Now we combine vocabulary and verbs into very short, natural sentences. Pay special attention to word order and the verb at the end in many examples.

Self introduction type sentences

Family and possession

Daily routine

Likes and preferences

6. Pattern Practice: Build Your Own Sentences

You can create many correct sentences by using the same patterns and replacing only a few words.

Pattern 1: “I am a …”

• მე … ვარ.

Insert a noun:

• მე სტუდენტი ვარ.
• მე მასწავლებელი ვარ.
• მე ტურისტი ვარ.
• მე ექიმი ვარ.

Pattern 2: “I live in …”

• მე … ვცხოვრობ.

Insert a place in the correct local form:

• მე თბილისში ვცხოვრობ.
• მე ბათუმში ვცხოვრობ.
• მე ევროპაში ვცხოვრობ.

Pattern 3: “I have …”

• მე … მაქვს. (things)
• მე … მყავს. (people, pets)

Insert what you have:

• მე ბინა მაქვს.
• მე წიგნი მაქვს.
• მე კატა მყავს.
• მე მეგობარი მყავს.

Pattern 4: “I like …”

• მე … მიყვარს.

Insert noun:

• მე მუსიკა მიყვარს.
• მე კინო მიყვარს.
• მე ზაფხული მიყვარს.

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7. Short Dialogues with Only Positive Sentences

These simple dialogues show how positive sentences work in small conversations.

Dialogue 1: Introduction

A: გამარჯობა, მე ანა ვარ.
B: გამარჯობა, მე ლუკა ვარ.
A: მე სტუდენტი ვარ, თბილისში ვცხოვრობ.
B: მე მასწავლებელი ვარ, ბათუმში ვცხოვრობ.

English:

A: Hello, I am Ana.
B: Hello, I am Luka.
A: I am a student, I live in Tbilisi.
B: I am a teacher, I live in Batumi.

Dialogue 2: Work and language

A: შენ სად მუშაობ?
B: მე ბანკში ვმუშაობ. შენ?
A: მე სკოლაში ვმუშაობ. მე ინგლისურად და ქართულად ვლაპარაკობ.
B: კარგი, მეც ქართულად ვლაპარაკობ.

English:

A: Where do you work?
B: I work at a bank. And you?
A: I work at a school. I speak English and Georgian.
B: Good, I also speak Georgian.

Dialogue 3: Family and likes

A: შენ ოჯახი გყავს?
B: კი, მე დიდი ოჯახი მყავს.
A: მე ერთი ძმა და ერთი და მყავს.
B: მე ყავა მიყვარს, შენ?
A: მე ჩაი მიყვარს.

English:

A: Do you have a family?
B: Yes, I have a big family.
A: I have one brother and one sister.
B: I like coffee, you?
A: I like tea.

Even though the questions use patterns covered elsewhere, the answers here are all simple positive sentences.

8. Important Reminders for Simple Positive Sentences

New Vocabulary from This Chapter