5.6. Telling the Time
Table of Contents
Understanding Clock Time in Georgian
In this chapter you learn how to say and ask the time in Georgian, using both exact hours and more natural everyday expressions.
The Word โTimeโ and โHourโ
Two important words:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| time (general) | แแ แ | dro | abstract time |
| hour, oโclock | แกแแแแ | saati | also used for โclock, watchโ |
When you say what time it is, you usually use แกแแแแ in different forms.
Asking โWhat time is it?โ
The most common everyday questions:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| What time is it? | แ แแแแแแ แกแแแแแ? | ramdeni saatia? |
| What time is it now? | แแฎแแ แ แแแแแแ แกแแแแแ? | akhla ramdeni saatia? |
You can answer simply with the hour, or with a full phrase depending on how exact you want to be.
Full Hours: Saying โIt is X oโclockโ
To say โIt is X oโclockโ you usually use this pattern:
Pattern for full hours
$X$ แกแแแแแ.
โIt is $X$ oโclock.โ
Here $X$ is a cardinal number (one, two, three, etc.).
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| It is one oโclock. | แแ แแ แกแแแแแ. | erti saatia. |
| It is two oโclock. | แแ แ แกแแแแแ. | ori saatia. |
| It is three oโclock. | แกแแแ แกแแแแแ. | sami saatia. |
| It is four oโclock. | แแแฎแ แกแแแแแ. | otkhi saatia. |
| It is five oโclock. | แฎแฃแแ แกแแแแแ. | khuti saatia. |
| It is six oโclock. | แแฅแแกแ แกแแแแแ. | ekvsi saatia. |
| It is seven oโclock. | แจแแแแ แกแแแแแ. | shvidi saatia. |
| It is eight oโclock. | แ แแ แกแแแแแ. | rva saatia. |
| It is nine oโclock. | แชแฎแ แ แกแแแแแ. | tskhra saatia. |
| It is ten oโclock. | แแแ แกแแแแแ. | ati saatia. |
| It is eleven oโclock. | แแแ แแแแขแ แกแแแแแ. | tertmeti saatia. |
| It is twelve oโclock. | แแแ แแแขแ แกแแแแแ. | tormeti saatia. |
In casual speech Georgians often drop โIt isโ in English sense and just say the number plus แกแแแแแ.
Minutes After the Hour: โAnd X minutesโ
To express minutes after the hour, you add แแ plus the number of minutes.
Pattern for โX past Yโ in a neutral way
$H$ แกแแแแแ แแ $M$ แฌแฃแแ.
โIt is $H$ oโclock and $M$ minutes.โ
Key word:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| minute | แฌแฃแแ | tsuti |
Simple โhour and minutesโ examples
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| It is oneโten. | แแ แแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแแ แฌแฃแแ. | erti saatia da ati tsuti. |
| It is twoโtwenty. | แแ แ แกแแแแแ แแ แแชแ แฌแฃแแ. | ori saatia da otsi tsuti. |
| It is threeโfive. | แกแแแ แกแแแแแ แแ แฎแฃแแ แฌแฃแแ. | sami saatia da khuti tsuti. |
| It is fourโthirty. | แแแฎแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแชแแแแแ แฌแฃแแ. | otkhi saatia da otsdaati tsuti. |
| It is sixโforty. | แแฅแแกแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแ แแแชแ แฌแฃแแ. | ekvsi saatia da ormotsi tsuti. |
In fast everyday speech, Georgians often shorten and omit the word แฌแฃแแ:
- แแแฎแ แกแแแแ แแ แแชแ.
โFour twenty.โ
But as a beginner, use แแ + minutes + แฌแฃแแ. It is clear and correct.
โHalf pastโ and โQuarter pastโ
Two very common words:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| half | แแแฎแแแแ แ | nakhevari |
| quarter | แแแแแฎแแแ (formal), but usually: _แแแฎแแแแ แ แกแแแแแก แจแแแแแ_ patterns are more common for โhalf an hour laterโ etc. |
In telling the time, the most common special expression is for โhalf pastโ:
Pattern for โhalf past Xโ
$H$ แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ.
โIt is half past $H$.โ
Examples:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| It is half past one. | แแ แแ แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ. | erti saati da nakhevaria. |
| It is half past two. | แแ แ แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ. | ori saati da nakhevaria. |
| It is half past five. | แฎแฃแแ แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ. | khuti saati da nakhevaria. |
You can also say:
- แแ แแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแชแแแแแ แฌแฃแแ.
โIt is one oโclock and thirty minutes.โ
Meaning: 1:30.
For โa quarter pastโ there is no single short word that is used as often as in English. Usually you say:
- แกแแแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแฎแฃแแแแขแ แฌแฃแแ.
โIt is three and fifteen.โ (3:15)
Minutes To the Hour: โWithout X minutesโ
For times like 10:50 (โten to elevenโ) Georgians often use the word แฃแแแแ โlacks, is missingโ.
Pattern for โX minutes to Hโ
$M$ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ $H$ แกแแแแก.
โ$H$ oโclock is lacking $M$ minutes.โ
โ โIt is $M$ minutes to $H$.โ
Examples:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| It is ten to three. | แแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แกแแ แกแแแแก. | ati tsuti aklia sam saatss. |
| It is five to six. | แฎแฃแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แแฅแแก แกแแแแก. | khuti tsuti aklia ekvs saatss. |
| It is twenty to eight. | แแชแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แ แแ แกแแแแก. | otsi tsuti aklia rva saatss. |
You can also use แฃแแแแ with โhalfโ and so on:
- แแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แแแฎ แกแแแแกแ แแแฎแแแแ แก.
โIt is ten minutes to half past four.โ (4:20)
However, for a beginner it is enough to use $M$ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ $H$ แกแแแแก for โ$M$ to $H$โ.
Using โPastโ and โToโ with โoverโ and โlessโ
You will hear two very short everyday words:
| English idea | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| past, over | แแแแแชแแ | gadatsda |
| to, lacking | แแแแแ | aklia |
A simple conversational pattern:
- แแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแชแแ แแแฎแกแ.
โTen minutes have passed four.โ
Meaning: 4:10. - แฎแฃแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แฎแฃแแก.
โFive minutes are lacking to five.โ
Meaning: 4:55.
These are more natural, but they also sound a bit more advanced. As a beginner you can safely stay with:
- แแแฎแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแแ แฌแฃแแ.
- แฎแฃแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แฎแฃแ แกแแแแก.
12โHour vs 24โHour Time
In writing, especially schedules, Georgians often use 24โhour time, just like 13:00, 18:30, etc. The numbers are read as usual:
| Time | How it is read | Georgian example |
|---|---|---|
| 13:00 | thirteen oโclock | แแชแแแแขแ แกแแแแแ. (colloquial) |
| 18:30 | eighteen thirty | แแแ แแแแขแ แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ. |
In everyday speech people usually talk about morning, day, evening, night instead of saying โa.m., p.m.โ. Some useful words:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| morning | แแแแ | dila |
| day / afternoon | แแฆแ | dghe |
| evening | แกแแฆแแแ | saghamo |
| night | แฆแแแ | ghame |
You can add these to specify when:
- แแ แ แกแแแแแ แแแแแแ.
โIt is two in the morning.โ - แจแแแแ แกแแแแแ แกแแฆแแแแก.
โIt is seven in the evening.โ
Saying โAt โฆ oโclockโ (for appointments)
To say that something happens at a certain time, you use the postposition แแ โon, atโ.
Pattern for โat X oโclockโ
$H$ แกแแแแแ
โat $H$ oโclockโ
Examples:
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| at one oโclock | แแ แ แกแแแแแ | ert saatze |
| at two oโclock | แแ แกแแแแแ | or saatze |
| at five oโclock | แฎแฃแ แกแแแแแ | khut saatze |
| at half past three | แกแแ แกแแแแกแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ | sam saatsa da nakhevarze |
Useful sentence patterns:
- แจแแฎแแแแ แ แแ แกแแแแแ แแแฅแแก.
โI have a meeting at two oโclock.โ - แฌแแแแ แจแแแ แกแแแแแ.
โI will go at seven oโclock.โ
Time in Daily Routines
Here are some simple example sentences that combine times with daily activities. Focus on the time expression.
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| It is eight oโclock. | แ แแ แกแแแแแ. | rva saatia. |
| I wake up at seven oโclock. | แจแแแ แกแแแแแ แแแแแแ. | shvid saatze vdgebi. |
| The lesson starts at nine oโclock. | แแแแแแแแแ แชแฎแ แ แกแแแแแ แแฌแงแแแ. | gakvetili tskhra saatze itskheba. |
| Lunch is at one oโclock. | แกแแแแแ แแ แ แกแแแแแแ. | sadili ert saatzea. |
| The film starts at half past six. | แคแแแแ แแฅแแกแกแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แแ แแฌแงแแแ. | pilmi ekvssa da nakhevarze itskheba. |
| I finish work at five oโclock. | แฎแฃแ แกแแแแแ แแแแแแแ แแ แกแแแฃแจแแแก. | khut saatze vamtavreb samushao. |
As a beginner, you can often keep the pattern simple:
- [Activity] + [H แกแแแแแ].
Short Dialogues with Time
Dialogue 1: Asking the time
A: แแฎแแ แ แแแแแแ แกแแแแแ?
Akhla ramdeni saatia?
โWhat time is it now?โ
B: แกแแแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแช แฌแฃแแ.
Sami saatia da ots tsuti.
โIt is three twenty.โ
Dialogue 2: Planning a meeting
A: แ แแแแก แจแแแฎแแแแ?
Rodis shevkhdet?
โWhen shall we meet?โ
B: แแแฎ แกแแแแแ.
Otkh saatze.
โAt four oโclock.โ
A: แแฎแแ แ แแแแแ แกแแแแแ?
Akhla romeli saatia?
โWhat time is it now?โ
B: แแ แ แกแแแแแ.
Ori saatia.
โIt is two oโclock.โ
A: แแแ แแแ, แแ แ แกแแแแจแ.
Kargia, ori saatshi.
โGood, in two hours.โ
Dialogue 3: โMinutes toโ and โpastโ
A: แ แแแแแแ แกแแแแแ?
Ramdeni saatia?
โWhat time is it?โ
B: แฎแฃแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แแฅแแก แกแแแแก.
Khuti tsuti aklia ekvs saatss.
โIt is five to six.โ
A: แชแแขแ แแแ แ แแแแแแ.
Tsota adre movedi.
โI came a bit early.โ
Practice Suggestions
When you see a clock:
- Say the full hour:
- แแฅแแกแ แกแแแแแ. โIt is six oโclock.โ
- Add minutes with แแ โฆ แฌแฃแแ.
- แแฅแแกแ แกแแแแแ แแ แแฎแฃแแแแขแ แฌแฃแแ.
- For โto the hourโ times, try the แแแแแ pattern.
- แแแ แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ แ แแ แกแแแแก.
You can write times in digits first, then say them aloud in Georgian.
New Vocabulary for This Chapter
| English | Georgian | Pronunciation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| time | แแ แ | dro | general concept |
| hour, oโclock, clock | แกแแแแ | saati | basic word for telling time |
| minute | แฌแฃแแ | tsuti | plural: แฌแฃแแแแ tsutebi |
| What time is it? | แ แแแแแแ แกแแแแแ? | ramdeni saatia? | very common question |
| now | แแฎแแ | akhla | often used with time |
| half | แแแฎแแแแ แ | nakhevari | used in โhalf pastโ |
| half past X | X แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แ | X saati da nakhevari | e.g. แแ แ แกแแแแ แแ แแแฎแแแแ แ |
| past (over) | แแแแแชแแ | gadatsda | more advanced pattern |
| to (lacking) | แแแแแ | aklia | used for โminutes toโ |
| It is X oโclock. | X แกแแแแแ. | X saatia. | base pattern |
| X minutes to Y | X แฌแฃแแ แแแแแ Y แกแแแแก. | X tsuti aklia Y saatss. | โX minutes to Yโ |
| at X oโclock | X แกแแแแแ | X saatze | for appointments |
| morning | แแแแ | dila | โin the morningโ แแแแแแ |
| day, afternoon | แแฆแ | dghe | โduring the dayโ |
| evening | แกแแฆแแแ | saghamo | โin the eveningโ แกแแฆแแแแก |
| night | แฆแแแ | ghame | โat nightโ แฆแแแแ |
| meeting | แจแแฎแแแแ แ | shekhvedra | often used with time |
| to start | แแฌแงแแแ | itskheba | โstartsโ (3rd person) |
| to finish | แแแแแแแ แแ / แแแแแ แแแแ | vamtavreb / mtavrdeba | โI finishโ / โit finishesโ |
Use these words together with the number vocabulary to describe the time of day in simple but natural Georgian.
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