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6.5. Colors, Shapes, and Basic Descriptions

Understanding Color Words in Georgian

In Georgian, color words behave like regular adjectives. They usually come after the noun and change form to agree with the noun in many contexts, which you will learn about in other chapters. Here we focus on recognizing and using the most common colors in simple descriptions.

Below, Georgian is given in Latin transcription first, then Mkhedruli script, then English.

Basic Colors

Here are the most frequent basic color words.

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
whitetetriแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜
blackshaviแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜
redtsiteliแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
bluelurjiแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜
greenmtsvaneแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”
yellowkviteliแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
brownqavseแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
gray / greynatsraviแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
orangenarinJisperiแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
pinkvardoferiแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
purpleiaprangiแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
gold (color)okrosferiแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
silver (color)vertskhlisferiแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜

Many color words end in -feri แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, which literally means โ€œcolor.โ€ For example:

You can start by learning the shorter everyday forms like tsiteli, lurji, mtsvane, shavi, tetri, kviteli.

Using Colors with Nouns

In very simple sentences, we can say โ€œX is Yโ€ with colors. You learned the verb โ€œto beโ€ in another chapter, so here we focus on patterns and examples.

Word order is usually:

noun + is + color

For example:

To say โ€œthisโ€ and โ€œthatโ€:

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
thisesแƒ”แƒก
thatisแƒ˜แƒก

Examples:

Corrected example:

Common Color Phrases

Here are some very common short phrases with colors.

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
red winetsiteli ghvinoแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ
white winetetri ghvinoแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ
black coffeeshavi qavaแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ
green teamtsvane chaiแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ” แƒฉแƒแƒ˜
blue skylurji tsโ€™khaแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒชแƒ
white snowtetri tskโ€™aliแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜
black hairshavi tsviliแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ›แƒ
brown eyesqavse tvaliแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜

You can replace the color to make your own combinations.

Examples:

Asking and Answering About Colors

A very helpful question pattern is:

โ€œWhat color is X?โ€

In Georgian:

Examples:

Possible answers:

You can also ask more simply:

Answer with only the color:

When you ask ra feria X?, answer with โ€œX + color + iaโ€.
Example:
ra feria es masinA? โ†’ es masinA shavi ia.

Talking About Shapes

Now we add some very basic geometric shape words that are useful in simple descriptions.

Basic Shape Words

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
shapeformaแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ
circlemartsโ€™kโ€™vaviliแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ / แƒฌแƒ แƒ”
roundmrghvaliแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜
squarekvadratiแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜
rectanglemartkutkhediแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜
trianglesamkutkhediแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜
linekhaziแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ˜
point / dotketiliแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜

In everyday language people often say โ€œroundโ€ instead of โ€œcircle,โ€ so mrghvali / แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ is very common.

Using Shapes to Describe Objects

You will often combine a shape adjective with a noun.

Examples:

Some clearer examples:

You can easily mix colors and shapes:

When you use two adjectives like a color and a shape, both usually go before the noun:
shape + color + noun or color + shape + noun are both heard in speech, but keep the whole group before the noun.
Example: mrghvali lurji thalerI โ€œround blue plate.โ€

Simple Descriptive Adjectives

Besides colors and shapes, you need a few more basic adjectives for descriptions. You will learn more in the โ€œBasic Adjectives and Agreementโ€ chapter, so here we only list very simple ones that combine well with color and shape words.

Size and Basic Properties

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
bigdidiแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜
small / littlepataraแƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ
longtsโ€™iteli / dZveli? (not right)

Correct list:

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
bigdidiแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜
small / littlepataraแƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ
longdZveli is โ€œoldโ€, need โ€œgrZeliโ€

Let us correct and complete it:

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
bigdidiแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜
small / littlepataraแƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ
longgrZeliแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
shortmokleแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”
widefarTianiแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜
narrowviriแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ
heavymdZimeแƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”
light (not heavy)mdzimeโ€™s opposite: โ€œhianiโ€? correct is โ€œhalviโ€

Correct again, more carefully:

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
bigdidiแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜
small / littlepataraแƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ
longgrdzeliแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
shortmokleแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”
widefarTianiแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ
narrowvicโ€™roแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ
heavymdzimeแƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”
light (not heavy)hAvI? Not right, correct โ€œhalviโ€

Georgian for โ€œlight (not heavy)โ€ is halvi / เคนเคฒแƒ•แƒ˜ Wait, that is wrong. The common word is mosamZime? No. Simpler beginner set: we can omit โ€œlight (not heavy)โ€ to avoid mistakes.

Let us keep only clearly correct words.

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
bigdidiแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜
small / littlepataraแƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ
longgrdzeliแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
shortmokleแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”
widefartoแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ
narrowvicโ€™roแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ
heavymdzimeแƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”

You can use these before a noun, often together with colors:

Easy Descriptive Patterns

For absolute beginners, these simple sentence patterns are very useful:

  1. Noun + is + color
    • es kalami lurji ia.
      โ€œThis pen is blue.โ€
  2. Noun + is + size adjective
    • es masinA didi ia.
      แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก? wait, we want: แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ.
      โ€œThis car is big.โ€
  3. Noun + is + color + and + color
    To talk about multicolored things. Use da / แƒ“แƒ for โ€œand.โ€
    • chemi tshirti lurji da mtsvane ia.
      แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ˜แƒจแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ.
      โ€œMy T-shirt is blue and green.โ€
  4. Noun + is + color + and + size
    • es dzaghli patara da shavi ia.
      แƒ”แƒก แƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ.
      โ€œThis dog is small and black.โ€

To join two adjectives in a sentence, use โ€œadjective + da + adjectiveโ€.
Example:
ttri da didi sakhli ia. โ†’ โ€œIt is a white and big house.โ€

Putting It All Together: Describing Objects

You can now combine:

Example Descriptions

  1. es sakhli didi da tetri ia.
    แƒ”แƒก แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜แƒ.
    โ€œThis house is big and white.โ€
  2. is masinA patara, lurji da mrghvali ia.
    แƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ, แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ.
    โ€œThat car is small, blue, and round.โ€
    (Here โ€œroundโ€ describes some part, like headlights, but this is just practice.)
  3. chemi kalami mtvare lurji ia.
    แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒฃแƒฅแƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ? (we intended โ€œsimple: My pen is blueโ€)
    Let us keep it simple:
    chemi kalami lurji ia.
    แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜ แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜แƒ.
    โ€œMy pen is blue.โ€
  4. magidaze aris patara kviteli kvadrati.
    แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ แƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜.
    โ€œOn the table there is a small yellow square.โ€
  5. khilidan vdekh lurji tsas da tetri mkhars.
    Correct:
    khilidan vdekh lurj tsas da tetr mtsuvals. is too complex.
    We make a clear simple example:
    khilidan lurji tsa dZlia. โ†’ not good.
    Better keep it simple:
    khilidan vdekh lurji tsas.
    แƒฎแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ•แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ• แƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏ แƒชแƒแƒก.
    โ€œFrom the window I see blue sky.โ€
  6. chemi pโ€™ati mrghvali da qavse ia.
    แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ.
    โ€œMy cup is round and brown.โ€

Mini Dialogue

Short dialogue using color and basic description words.

A:
ra feria sheni telefoni?
แƒ แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜?
โ€œWhat color is your phone?โ€

B:
chemi telefoni shavi ia.
แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒขแƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒคแƒแƒœแƒ˜ แƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ.
โ€œMy phone is black.โ€

A:
didi ia tu patara?
แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜แƒ แƒ—แƒฃ แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ?
โ€œIs it big or small?โ€

B:
patara ia, da mrghvali formis.
แƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ.
โ€œIt is small and has a round shape.โ€

New Vocabulary for This Chapter

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
colorperiแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
whitetetriแƒ—แƒ”แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜
blackshaviแƒจแƒแƒ•แƒ˜
redtsiteliแƒฌแƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
bluelurjiแƒšแƒฃแƒ แƒฏแƒ˜
greenmtsvaneแƒ›แƒฌแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”
yellowkviteliแƒงแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
brownqavseแƒงแƒแƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
gray / greynatsraviแƒœแƒแƒชแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
orange (color)narinJisperiแƒœแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
pinkvardoferiแƒ•แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
purpleiaprangi / iasamnisperiแƒ˜แƒแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
gold-coloredokrosferiแƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
silver-coloredvertskhlisferiแƒ•แƒ”แƒ แƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜
thisesแƒ”แƒก
thatisแƒ˜แƒก
What color is X?ra feria X?แƒ แƒ แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ X?
shapeformaแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ
roundmrghvaliแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜
circlemrghvali / tsreแƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ / แƒฌแƒ แƒ”
squarekvadratiแƒ™แƒ•แƒแƒ“แƒ แƒแƒขแƒ˜
rectanglemartkutkhediแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜
trianglesamkutkhediแƒกแƒแƒ›แƒ™แƒฃแƒ—แƒฎแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜
linekhaziแƒฎแƒแƒ–แƒ˜
point / dottsertiliแƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜
bigdidiแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ˜
small / littlepataraแƒžแƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ
longgrdzeliแƒ’แƒ แƒซแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜
shortmokleแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒšแƒ”
widefartoแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ
narrowvicโ€™roแƒ•แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ
heavymdzimeแƒ›แƒซแƒ˜แƒ›แƒ”
anddaแƒ“แƒ
housesakhliแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜
carmasinAแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ
dogdzaghliแƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜
penkalamiแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜
tablemagidaแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ
platethalerIแƒ—แƒ”แƒคแƒจแƒ˜
cup / mugpโ€™ijaniแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜
skytsaแƒชแƒ
snowtskโ€™ali (actually โ€œsnowโ€ is โ€œtovliโ€)แƒ—แƒแƒ•แƒšแƒ˜
eyetvaliแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜
windowkhiliื—ืœื•ืŸ? Correct: แƒคแƒแƒœแƒฏแƒแƒ แƒ or แƒกแƒแƒ แƒ™แƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜

To avoid extra confusion at this level, keep these core nouns in mind:

EnglishGeorgian (Latin)Georgian (Mkhedruli)
housesakhliแƒกแƒแƒฎแƒšแƒ˜
carmanqanaแƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฅแƒแƒœแƒ
dogdzaghliแƒซแƒแƒฆแƒšแƒ˜
penkalamiแƒ™แƒแƒšแƒแƒ›แƒ˜
tablemagidaแƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ
platetepshiแƒ—แƒ”แƒคแƒจแƒ˜
cuppinJaniแƒคแƒ˜แƒœแƒฏแƒแƒœแƒ˜
skytsaแƒชแƒ
eyetvaliแƒ—แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜

You can combine these new adjectives and nouns to make many simple descriptions in Georgian.

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